Chapter VI: The Administration of Justice

 Article 48  The Judiciary(1) The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and in such other lower courts as is established by law and is exercised in the name of the people pursuant to this Constitution and laws issued thereunder.

(2) In exercising the judicial power, courts are free from the direction and control of any person or authority. Judges are subject only to the law, to a judicial code of conduct determined by law and to their conscience.
(3) A judge may not be liable to any suit for any act in the course of exercising his judicial function.
(4) All organs of the State accord to the courts such assistance as they may require to protect their independence and dignity so that they may exercise their judicial power appropriately and effectively pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution and laws issued thereunder.

Article 49  The Supreme Court(1) The Supreme Court is the court of last resort; and is presided over by the Chief Justice.
(2) The Supreme Court has:
a) sole jurisdiction of interpreting this Constitution and the constitutionality of any law enacted or any action taken by government;
b) sole jurisdiction of hearing and adjudicating upon charges against a President who has been impeached by the National Assembly pursuant to the provisions of Article 41(6) a) and b) hereof; and
c) the power of hearing and adjudicating cases appealed from lower courts pursuant to law.
(3) The Supreme Court determines its internal organisation and operation.
(4) The tenure and number of justices of the Supreme Court is determined by law.

Article 50  Lower CourtsThe jurisdiction, organisation and function of lower courts and the tenure of their judges is determined by law.

Article 51  OathEvery judge takes the following oath:
I, _____________, swear in _____________ that I will adjudicate in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws enacted thereunder and I will exercise the judicial authority vested in me, subject only to the law and my conscience.

Article 52  Removal of Judges from Office(1) A judge may be removed from office before the expiry of his tenure of office by the President only, acting on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, pursuant to the provisions of Sub-Article (2) of this Article for physical or mental incapacity, violation of the law or breach of judicial code of conduct.
(2) The Judicial Service Commission investigates whether or not a judge should be removed from office on grounds of those enumerated in Sub-Article (1) of this Article. In the event that the Judicial Service Commission decides that a judge be removed from office, it presents its recommendation to the President.
(3) The President may, on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, suspend from office a judge who is under investigation.

Article 53  The Judicial Service Commission(1) There is established a Judicial Service Commission, which is responsible for submitting recommendations for the recruitment of judges and the terms and conditions of their services.
(2) The organisation, powers and duties of the Judicial Service Commission are determined by law.

Article 54  The Advocate GeneralThere is an Advocate General whose powers and duties are determined by law.

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